Lesson 1 - Fluency Drills:
Greeting and Introducing
(photo
by paulsynnott used
under terms of Creative Commons license.)
Japanese,
like English,
has an expression
for "good
morning": ohayō gozaimasu. It
is used
until
about ten
o'clock in the
morning.
If someone says
ohayō gozaimasu,
it is
customary to answer
ohayō gozaimasu. Now
you will
hear the
expression three times;
repeat after hearing
it each time.
ohayō gozaimas |
__________________ |
ohayō gozaimas |
__________________ |
ohayō gozaimas |
__________________ |
You meet Mr. Naka on the way to work in the morning:
Naka:
ohayō gozaimasu
YOU: ________________
From ten o'clock in the morning until dark, the most common greeting is konnishiwa. Konnishiwa is also the standard response. Listen to two Japanese people greet each other around lunchtime.
Naka: Konnichiwa.
Imai: Konnichiwa.
Now Naka greets you at three in the afternoon:
Naka: Konnichiwa.
YOU: ________________
After dark the greeting is kombanwa, and you answer with kombanwa. Listen to two Japanese people greeting each other when they meet after supper.
Naka: Kombanwa.
Imai: Kombanwa.
Now Imai greets you at 8:30 in the evening:
Imai: Kombanwa.
YOU: ________________
Fluency Drill 4:
Japanese
has only
one word for
the English words "Mr.," "Mrs.,"
and
"Miss." That word
is -san. It
always follows the name
of a person
spoken to or
about. Never use -san after
your own name.
In Japanese "Mr.
EXAMPLE: Suzuki YOU: Suzuki-san
Takahashi |
__________________ |
Tanaka |
__________________ |
Watanabe |
__________________ |
Itō |
__________________ |
Kobayashi |
__________________ |
If
you add
the word desu
to a
phrase Iike Sato-san, you
form a sentence
Sato-san desu
meaning "this is
Mr. / Mrs. / Miss Sato." (The
"this" is implied,
or understood.)
In
this exercise
you will hear names,
such
as Sato-san and Matsumoto-san, and
you will
make a
complete sentence with each
by adding desu.
EXAMPLE:
Nakamura-san
YOU: Nakamura-san desu.
Yamamoto-san |
__________________ |
Katō-san |
__________________ |
Yamada-san |
__________________ |
Uchida-san |
__________________ |
Sasaki-san |
__________________ |
Fluency Drill 6:
Now
you will add another
word to the
sentences you
made in
the last exercise.
The word kochirawa means
"this person," but is
better translated simply
as "this."
Kochirawa
is added
at the beginning:
Kochirawa Sato-san desu
means "This is
Mr. Sato." WhiIe
kochirawa Satō-san desu
is a slightly more
formal way of
saying Satō-san
desu,
the two
sentences mean exactly the
same thing and
can be used
interchangeably. Now
you will
hear
the shorter form,
and you
will add kochirawa
at the
beginning.
EXAMPLE:
Suzuki-san desu. YOU:
Kochirawa Suzuki-san desu.
Kobayashi-san des |
__________________ |
Watanabe-san des |
__________________ |
Yamamoto-san
des |
__________________ |
Katō-san des |
__________________ |
Yamada-san des |
__________________ |
Fluency Drill 7:
You
have already
learned that desu means
"(this) is"
in a
sentence like Tanaka-san
desu. Desu
also means "(I)
am" when used with
a name without
-san:
Therefore, Tanaka
desu means
"(I) am Tanaka."
If your name
were Miller and
you wanted to say
"I'm Miller," you
would say Miller
desu.
Remember that you should never use -san after your own name. After hearing each of the following phrases, give the English equivalent.
EXAMPLE:
Saito desu.
YOU: I'm Saito.
Tsuda
des |
__________________ |
Matsumoto
des |
__________________ |
Hattori
des |
__________________ |
Ikeda des |
__________________ |
Hotta des |
__________________ |
Now identify yourself using your real name: __________________
Fluency Drill 8:
When
you are
making introductions, you
may use one of
two opening sentences:
the shorter Imai-san,
Satō-san desu or
the longer Imai-san,
kochirawa Satō-san desu. In this
exercise you
will use
the short form
to introduce two people.
EXAMPLE:
Johnson and Tanaka
YOU:
Johnson-san,
Tanaka-san desu.
Yamada and White |
__________________ |
Suzuki and Ikeda |
__________________ |
Clark and Satō |
__________________ |
Watanabe and Miller |
__________________ |
Yamamoto and Itō |
__________________ |
Fluency Drill 9:
Now
you will
use
the long form,
kochirawa ___________-san
desu, to
introduce two people.
EXAMPLE:
Ikeda and Miller
YOU:
Ikeda-san, kochirawa
Miller-san desu.
Takahashi and Brown |
__________________ |
Nakamura and Matsumoto |
__________________ |
Parker and Sasaki |
__________________ |
Suzuki and Johnson |
__________________ |
Yamada and Watanabe |
__________________ |
Fluency Drill 10:
When you are being introduced, there are basically two situations that can occur. To illustrate these situations, let's say that you are Mr. Smith. In the first situation, someone will say "Mr. Smith, this is Mr. Tanaka"; and in the second, someone will say "Mr. Tanaka, this is Mr. Smith."
The
general rule
in introductions is
that the first
person mentioned in the
introduction speaks first.
The first situation,
where you (Smith)
are mentioned first,
is the simplest for
you because all
you have to
say is dōzo
yoroshiku.
Let's see who says what: |
|
Oda:
Smith-san, Tanaka-san des |
Mr. Smith, this is Mr. Tanaka. |
Smith: dōzo
yorosh |
Pleased to meet you. |
Tanaka: Kochira koso. |
The pleasure is mine. |
This time, you take Smith's line. |
|
Oda:
Smith-san, kochirawa
Tanaka-san des |
Mr. Smith, this is Mr. Tanaka. |
Smith: ________________ |
Pleased to meet you. |
Tanaka: Kochira koso. |
The pleasure is mine. |
In the situation where your name is not mentioned first, the introduction can go several ways. The person whose name was mentioned first can say several things. It may go like this:
Oda:
Tanaka-san, Smith-san des |
Mr. Tanaka, this is Mr. Smith. |
Tanaka:
dōzo yorosh |
Pleased to meet you. |
Smith:
Kochira koso. |
The pleasure is mine. |
If
the person
who is to
speak first says
dōzo yoroshiku, "pleased to meet
you," then you
should say kochira
koso, "the pleasure
is mine." In fact,
if you look
back to Drill
10, you
will see the same
sequence: "pleased to
meet you" ---- "the
pleasure
is mine."
Now you play the role of Smith.
Oda:
Tanaka-san, Smith-san des |
Mr. Tanaka, this is Mr. Smith. |
Tanaka:
dōzo yorosh |
Pleased to meet you. |
Smith: __________________ |
The pleasure is mine. |
In
introductions, some Japanese
may use another expression when
their names are
mentioned first. They
may say hajimemashite, "how
do you do."
In that case, you
(Smith ) say dōzo yoroshiku, "pleased
to meet you."
Oda: Tanaka-san, Smith-san
des |
Mr. Tanaka, this is Mr. Smith. |
Tanaka: hajimemash |
How do you do. |
Smith: dōzo yorosh |
Pleased to meet you. |
Tanaka: Kochira koso. |
The pleasure is mine. |
By now you may have noticed a pattern to these expressions:
hajimemashite
(How do
you do)
is followed by dōzo yoroshiku
(Pleased to
meet you)
which in
turn is followed
by Kochira
koso (The pleasure
is mine)
Let's run through that last introduction again, and this time you play Smith.
Oda: Tanaka-san, Smith-san
des |
Mr. Tanaka, this is Mr. Smith. |
Tanaka: hajimemash |
How do you do. |
Smith: ______________. |
Pleased to meet you. |
Tanaka: Kochira koso. |
The pleasure is mine. |
Another variation on this theme might be as follows:
Oda: Tanaka-san, Smith-san
des |
Mr. Tanaka, this is Mr. Smith. |
Tanaka: hajimemash |
How do you do. Pleased to meet you |
Smith: Kochira koso. |
The
pleasure is mine. |
Notice
that, when
Tanaka says hajimemashite.
dōzo yoroshiku
in one
mouthful, all Smith
has to do
is follow the
sequence and say kochira
koso. This time
you play Smith.
Oda: Tanaka-san, Smith-san
des |
Mr. Tanaka, this is Mr. Smith. |
Tanaka: hajimemash |
How do you do. Pleased to meet you |
Smith: _____________. |
The
pleasure is mine. |
Fluency Drill 14:
The only exception to the introduction pattern occurs when the person named first begins by saying his own name. It is quite common for Japanese people to do this when they are being introduced.
Whenever this happens, simply say what the Japanese said, using your own name. Listen to this exchange:
Oda: Tanaka-san, Smith-san
des |
Mr. Tanaka, this is Mr. Smith. |
Tanaka: Tanaka
des |
I'm Tanaka. |
hajimemash |
How do you do. |
Smith: Smith
des |
I'm Smith. |
hajimemash |
How do you do. |
This
ends the
introduction, and there
is no need
to follow
with dōzo
yoroshiku and Kochira
koso.
Now you try it:
Oda: Tanaka-san, Smith-san
des |
Mr. Tanaka, this is Mr. Smith. |
Tanaka: Tanaka
des |
I'm Tanaka. |
hajimemash |
How do you do. |
Smith: ____________. |
I'm Smith. |
____________. |
How do you do. |
Did you remember not to use -san after your name?
The same rule applies no matter what Tanaka says after identifying himself.
If he says … |
then you say … |
Tanaka
des |
Smith
des |
Tanaka
des |
Smith
des |
Tanaka des |
Smith
des |
Take Smith's part again:
Oda: Tanaka-san, Smith-san
des |
Mr. Tanaka, this is Mr. Smith. |
Tanaka: Tanaka
des |
I'm Tanaka. |
hajimemash |
How do you do. |
dōzo
yorosh |
Pleased to meet you. |
Smith: Smith
des |
I'm Smith. |
hajimemash |
How do you do. |
dōzo
yorosh |
Pleased to meet you. |
Before going on, let's review the patterns:
a.
If your
name is mentioned
first, you automatically
say dōzo yoroshiku, "pleased
to meet you."
b.
If the
other person's name
is mentioned first
and that
person says hajimemashite, "how
do you do."
then you say dōzo
yoroshiku
"pleased to
meet you."
c.
I f the
other person says
dōzo yoroshiku
"pIeased to meet you,"
then
you say kochira koso,
"the pleasure is
mine .. "
d.
I f the
other person says
Hajimemashite.
dōzo yoroshiku,
"how do you
do. pleased to
meet you," then
you say
kochira koso,
"the pleasure is
mine."
e. If the other person starts by identifying himself, then you should identify yourself and go on to repeat whatever the other person said after his name.
Fluency Drill 16:
Now the introductions are over, and you are ready to leave. You should nod your head and say dewa mata or jā mata, meaning "see you later." In the following situation, take the part of Smith:
Oda:
Smith-san, kochirawa
Tanaka-san des |
Mr. Smith, this is Mr. Tanaka. |
Smith: ____________ |
Pleased to meet you. |
Tanaka: Kochira koso. |
The pleasure is mine. |
Smith:______________ |
See you later. |
Fluency Drill 17:
If you say dewa mata, the people you have been talking to will probably repeat the expression or use some other word or gesture to say good-bye. If someone else says dewa mata first, you should reply dewa mata. (Of course, dewa and jā are interchangeable.)
You have just been introduced to Tanaka, who then bows and says ja mata. You should nod and say: ____________
Fluency Drill 18:
In this exercise you will hear 14 expressions which could be used during introductions. Reply to each, pretending to be Mr. Brown.
Brown-san, kochirawa. Tanaka-san
des |
dōzo
yorosh |
|
|
dōzo
yorosh |
__________________ |
|
|
Hajimemash |
__________________ |
|
|
Dewa
mata. |
__________________ |
|
|
Hajimemash |
__________________ |
|
|
Tanaka
des |
__________________ |
Hajimemash |
__________________ |
|
|
Brown-san, Itō-san
des |
__________________ |
|
|
Jā
mata. |
__________________ |
|
|
Ikeda
des |
__________________ |
dōzo
yorosh |
__________________ |
|
|
dōzo
yorosh |
__________________ |
|
|
Hajimemash |
__________________ |
|
|
Saitō
des |
__________________ |
Hajimemash |
__________________ |
dōzo yorosh |
__________________ |
|
|
Hajimemash |
__________________ |
|
|
Kochira koso. Dewa mata. |
__________________ |
|
|
Brown-san, kochirawa Suzuki-san des |
__________________ |
|
|