Lesson 1 - Fluency Drills:
Directions
(photo
by Incase used
under terms of Creative Commons license.)
Fluency
Drill 1:
To
ask for the
location of a
pIace or thing,
you use
the phrase doko
desu
ka? which
means "where is
it?"
Listen to
the phrase and
then repeat:
doko desu
ka?
If you
want to ask
where the Sanno
Hotel is, you
add the words for
Sanno HoteI, Sannō
Hoteru, at the
beginning of doko
desu
ka?
and
you have the
question Sannō Hoteru doko
desu
ka? Listen
to the question
and then repeat:
Sannō Hoteru
doko desu ka?
Now we
will
add the
names of other
places and things
to doko desu ka.
The word for
toilet is toire.
How do you say
"where is the
toilet"?
The word
for telephone is
denwa.
How do
you say "where is
the
telephone"?
A popular
Japanese eating place
is the Skylark
Restaurant (Sukairaku
Resutoran).
How do
you say "where
is the
Skylark Restaurant"?
The expression
for subway station
is chikatetsu no
eki.
Since this is
a rather long
phrase, just listen
to it the first
time:
chikatetsu no
eki
Now you
try it. Listen
and repeat:
How do
you say "where
is the subway
station"?
The
Japanese for the
Daimaru Department Store
is Daimaru
Depāto. How
do you say
"where is the
Daimaru Department
Store"?
Now you
wiII practice asking
where things are.
You will
hear
a word in
English, and then
you wiII ask in
Japanese where it is.
After a pause
you will hear
the correct Japanese.
u.
ka? to ask
where something is.
It is dochira desu
ka? which
means "which
way is it?"
Listen and repeat:
dochira desu
ka?
Like doko
desu ka?,
dochira desu
ka? follows the
place or
thing
you are asking
about. For example:
Sannō Hoteru
dochira desu
ka? means "which
way is the Sanno
Hotel?".
Now you will
ask which way
something is using
the phrase
dochira desu
ka? You will hear
a word in
English; then
ask
in Japanese which
way it is.
After a pause
you will
hear the
correct Japanese.
If you
want to ask
where a telephone
or a toilet is,
and you are
not quite sure
that there is
one, you use a
different question, doko
ni arimasu ka?,
which means
"where is
there one?" Listen
and repeat:
doko ni
arimasu
ka?
As in
the other two
questions, doko desu
ka? and dochira desu ka?
the place or
thing you are
asking about comes
first. Unlike the other
two questions, doko
ni arimasu
ka? cannot be
used
to ask about
specific places such
as the
Sanno Hotel,
the Skylark
Restaurant, and the
Daimaru Department Store. This
question is used
to ask about
a hotel, a
restaurant, or
a department
store when anyone
will do.
Now you
will
practice asking where
a place or
thing is.
When you
hear a word
in English, ask
where there is
such a
place, using
the phrase doko
ni arimasu ka?
After a pause you
will hear the correct
Japanese.
Fluency Drill 4:
Before you
can ask a
Japanese person where
something is, you have
to get his
attention. You do
this by saying sumimasen, meaning
"excuse me." Listen
and repeat:
Sumimasen.
Now let's
practice asking a
Japanese passerby some
questions. You will
hear an
English question. Get the
attention of the passerby,
and ask the
question in Japanese.
You will
then hear the
correct Japanese.
The next
step is to
understand the answers
to your
questions. In
this exercise you
will learn to understand some of
the possible answers.
One of
the simplest answers
to your question
would be
"straight ahead."
The Japanese for
"it's straight ahead here" is
koko massugu
desu. Listen:
koko massugu
desu
Now ask
which way it
is to the
Sanno Hotel.
You will then hear the
correct Japanese.
Next you
will hear the
answer. During the
pause that follows, give
the English equivalent.
"It's straight
ahead there" is
soko massugu
desu.
Listen:
Soko massugu
desu.
Now ask which
way it is
to the Daimaru
Department Store.
You will
then hear the
correct Japanese.
Next you
will hear
the answer. During
the pause that
follows, give the English
equivalent.
You have
just asked someone
the way to
the subway station. After you
hear the answer,
give the English
equivalent.
You have
just asked someone
how to get
to the Skylark Restaurant. After
you hear the
answer, give the
English equivalent.
Before you
practice the
next
three possible answers,
let's recall the three
questions you can
use to ask
where a place is:
a. Toire
doko des |
Where
is the toilet? |
b. Toire
dochira des |
Which
way is the
toilet? |
c. Toire
doko ni arimas |
Where
is there a
toilet? |
You will
notice that the
first two questions
use the word desu meaning
"is," and that
the third question
uses the words ni
arimasu,
meaning "there
is one." It
is quite possible that
the person will use
desu to
answer
when you used
ni
arimasu in
the question.
Or he may
use ni arimasu, to
reply to your desu, question.
In the next
three exercises either desu, or
ni arimasu can
and will be
used in the
answers.
Fluency Drill 6:
Perhaps the
person you ask
will point
and say soko desu which
means "it's there."
Listen:
soko
desu
Now ask
where the telephone
is. You will then
hear the
correct Japanese.
Next you
wiII hear the
answer. During the
pause that follows, give
the English equivalent.
Or the
answer might have
been soko ni
arimasu meaning "there's
one there." Listen:
Soko ni
arimasu.
Now ask
where the subway
station is. You
will
then hear the correct
Japanese.
Next you
will hear an
answer. During the pause
that follows,
give the
English equivalent.
If the
place you are
asking about is
farther away, the answer
will be asoko
desu,
meaning "it's
over there." Listen:
Asoko desu
Or the
answer might be
asoko ni
arimasu,
meaning "there's
one over
there." Listen:
Asoko
ni
arimasu
Now you
will
hear some answers.
During the pause
that follows each, give
the English equivalent.
Fluency Drill 7:
If the
place you are
looking for is
on a corner,
the word kado (corner)
will be in
the answer. For
example, one possible answer
is sono kado
desu,
meaning "it's
on
that corner." Listen:
Sono kado
desu.
Or the
answer might be
sono kado
ni arimasu, meaning
"there's one on that
corner." Listen:
Sono kado
ni arimasu.
If
the corner
is farther away,
the answer will be
ano kado
desu, meaning
"it's on that
corner over there."
Listen:
Ano
kado desu.
Or
ni arimasu
might be used.
Listen:
Ano kado
ni arimasu.
You have just asked someone for the location of a telephone. As you hear the answers, give the English equivalents.
If
the place
you are looking
for is on
the next corner,
the answer will
be either
tsugi no kado
desu, meaning
"it's on
the next
corner," or tsugi
no kado ni
arimasu, meaning "there's one
on the next
corner." Listen:
Tsugi no kado
des |
Tsugi no kado
ni arimas |
Now ask where the subway station is, You will then hear the correct Japanese.
Next you will hear some answers. During the pauses, give the English equivalents.
Fluency Drill 8:
The person you ask may answer using the words for left, right, front, or rear. These four words are usually followed by the words no hō. "To the right" is migi no hō. Listen:
migi
no hō
"To the left" is hidari no hō. Listen:
hidari no hō.
"Toward the front" or "in front of" is mae no hō. Listen:
mae no hō.
"Toward the rear" or "behind" is ushiro no hō. Listen:
ushiro no hō.
An
answer containing
any of these
phrases would begin
with the word sono
or ano and
would end with
either desu or
ni
arimasu.
For
example: sono
migi no hō
desu, which
means "it's to the
right of that."
Listen:
sono
migi no hō
desu.
Another
answer might
be ano ushiro
no hō
ni
arimasu, which means
"there's one behind
that over there."
Listen:
Ano
ushiro no hō
ni
arimasu.
Now ask where there is a telephone. You will then hear the correct Japanese.
Next you will hear some answers. During the pause after each answer, give the English equivalent.
Fluency Drill 9:
Often we try to tell someone where something is by referring to a Iandmark. You will probably have this experience when you ask a Japanese person for directions.
If
you were
going to use
a landmark as
a reference point,
you would probably say
"see that hotel
over there?" Then
you would go on
to tell
where something
was in relation
to the
hotel by
saying something like
"it's to the
right of that," or
"it's
behind that," or
"it's on the
next corner after that," or
"it's in that
vicinity." The Japanese
equivalent of "see that
hotel over there?"
is asoko ni
hoteru arimasu ne? Listen:
asoko
ni hoteru
arimasu ne?
Of
course, other
words can replace
hoteru in that
question-- depāto, for
instance. To say
"see that department_store over there?"
Japanese use the
phrase asoko ni
depāto arimasu ne?
Listen:
Asoko
ni depāto
arimasu ne?
Or the
word could be
"gas station" gasorin
sutando,
and the
sentence
would be asoko
ni gasorin sutando arimasu
ne? Listen:
Asoko ni
gasorin sutando arimasu
ne?
Often the
point of
reference will
be some
building. The word for
"building" is tatemono.
Listen:
tatemono
"See that
building over there?"
is asoko ni
tatemono arimasu
ne? Listen:
Asoko ni
tatemono arimasu
ne?
Now you will hear several Japanese sentences which follow this pattern. During the pause after each one, give the English equivalent.
Fluency Drill 10:
After
pointing out
a landmark, a
Japanese person
might say
"it's in that
vicinity." The word
for vicinity is chikaku.
Listen:
chikaku.
"That
vicinity" is sono
chikaku.
Listen:
sono
chikaku.
And
the complete
sentence is sono
chikaku desu,
meaning "it's
in that
vicinity." You could
also hear sono
chikaku ni arimasu, meaning
"there's one in
that vicinity." Listen!
sono ch |
sono ch |
Now listen to a complete answer:
Asoko ni tatemono
arimas |
See that building over there? |
Sono ch |
There's one in that vicinity. |
Another
direction given in
relation to a
landmark could be "it's on
the next corner
after that." You
already know tsugi no
kado ni arimasu,
meaning "it's on
the next
corner." Either
sono
or ano
can be added
to this sentence.
For
example, sono
tsugi no kado
desu means
"it's on the
next corner past that."
Listen:
Asoko ni tatemono
arimas |
See that building over there? |
Sono tsugi no
kado des |
It's on the next corner past that. |
With some directions, such as "it's behind that" and "it's to the right of that over there," the Japanese will often just point in the general direction of the "that,"
To avoid confusion, though, he may name the point of reference first:
Asoko ni res |
See the restaurant over there? |
Sono hidari no
hō
des |
It's to the left of that. |
You have just asked where something is. After you hear each answer, give the English equivalent.
Fluency Drill 13:Arimasen means "there isn't one." Listen:
arimasen
If
you are
asking about a
gas station and
there isn't one in
the vicinity, you'll
get the answer
kono chikaku ni
arimasen,
meaning "there
isn't one in
this vicinity." Listen:
kono
chikaku ni
arimasen.
Fluency Drill 14:
When
you ask
someone a question,
he frequently
needs a little
time to think
about the answer,
so he thinks out
loud. For example,
you want to
find a telephone,
so you ask denwa
doko ni arimasu
ka? The Japanese
may say
ē
to which means
"well, let's see."
Then he will go
on to
give you
the answer; for
example, kono chikaku ni
arimasen, meaning "there
isn't one in
this vicinity." Or
he might say denwa
desu ka?
Ē to,
meaning "a telephone?
Well, let's
see." Some
examples of thinking
out loud follow.
Sumimasen. |
Excuse me. |
Gasorin s |
Where is there a gas station? |
|
|
Ē
to |
Well, let's see ... |
Kono ch |
There isn't one in this vicinity. |
|
|
Sumimasen. |
Excuse me. |
S |
Where is the Skylark Restaurant? |
|
|
S |
The
Skylark? |
Ē
to. |
Well, let's see ... |
Tsugi no kado
des |
It's at the next corner. |
Perhaps
the person
answering your question
wants to say that
a place is
"that way" or
"over that way."
He would say sochira
desu
or achira desu. Listen:
Sochira
des |
It's that way. |
Achira
des |
It's over that way. |
In
this case, ni arimasu
can be used
instead of desu.
Listen:
Sochira
ni arimas |
There's one that way. |
Achira
ni arimas |
There's one over that way. |
Fluency Drill 16:
After your question has been answered, remember to nod your head and say dōmo, meaning "thank you."
Listen and repeat:
Dōmo. |
Thank you. |
Fluency Drill 17:
You may need police or medical assistance in an emergency. In this exercise you will learn how to ask someone to call for the police and for an ambulance.
"Please call" is yonde kudasai. Listen and repeat:
yonde kudasai
The
word for
police is kēsatsu.
Listen and repeat:
Kēsatsu.
For
"please call
the
police" you say
kēsatsu yonde
kudasai.
Listen and repeat:
Kēsatsu
yonde kudasai.
The
word for
ambulance is kyūkyūsha. Listen
and repeat:
kyūkyūsha.
For "please call an ambulance" you say kyūkyūsha yonde kudasai. Listen and repeat:
kyūkyūsha yonde kudasai.
Now let's practice these two sentences. What do you say if you want someone to call the police? (Don't forget to say "excuse me.")
And if you want someone to call an ambulance, what do you say?